SmoothBottle

D-day

2005-11-17T15:05:00.000-08:00

(in World War II), first day of the Allied landing in Normandy, France. See Normandy Invasion.

Términos Lagoon

2005-10-15T10:55:00.000-07:00

Spanish Laguna De Términos, lagoon in southwestern Campeche state, at the base of the Yucatán Peninsula, eastern Mexico. An inlet of the Bay of Campeche on the Gulf of Mexico, it measures 45 mi (72 km) east–west and 12 to 15 mi north–south. Long, narrow Carmen Island stretches across its entrance. The lagoon is fed by the Palizada and Candelaria rivers. Shrimp, fish, and turtles are taken from Términos, and crocodiles

Ambridge

2005-07-28T08:45:00.000-07:00

Borough (town), Beaver county, western Pennsylvania, U.S., on the Ohio River, just northwest of Pittsburgh. Within its boundaries is the former village of Economy (1824–1904) established by the communal Harmony Society, led by George Rapp. The Rappites (Harmonists) were religious immigrants from Württemberg, Germany, who had previously settled at Harmony, Pennsylvania, and Harmonie

Gun War

2005-07-26T14:20:00.000-07:00

(1880–81), southern African war that ended 10 years of rule by the British Cape Colony over Basutoland (Lesotho). Cape magistrates had interfered with the chiefs' authority and with the traditional laws of the Sotho people; part of southern Lesotho was demarcated for white use, and a 1879 Disarmament Act was to be enforced in 1880. The Sotho refused to give up their guns. Fighting from defensive

Slavic Languages

2005-07-24T03:15:00.000-07:00

Also called Slavonic languages group of Indo-European languages spoken in most of eastern Europe, much of the Balkans, parts of central Europe, and the northern part of Asia. The Slavic languages are most closely related to the languages of the Baltic group (Lithuanian, Latvian, and the now-extinct Old Prussian), but they share certain linguistic innovations with the other eastern Indo-European language

óbidos

2005-07-07T04:40:00.000-07:00

Town, west-central Pará estado (“state”), northern Brazil. It was founded in 1697 as a fortified town. Óbidos overlooks the left (north) bank of the Amazon River 70 miles (110 km) upstream from Santarém near the confluence of the Trombetas River, where the Amazon narrows to a width of 1.25 miles (2 km). River steamers and hydroplanes utilize the facilities at the town, which ships tobacco, cacao,

Jackson, Rachel

2005-07-01T07:15:00.000-07:00

As Rachel was reluctantly preparing to move to Washington, D.C., following Andrew's electoral victory in 1828—she said that she “would rather be a door-keeper in the house of God than to live in that palace in Washington”—she died of a heart attack. She was buried on the grounds of the Hermitage on Christmas Eve in what was to be her inaugural gown. A young niece, Emily Donelson, became the surrogate first lady; after Emily's death in 1836, Sarah Yorke Jackson, the wife of Andrew Jackson, Jr., became the official White House hostess.

Kuantan

2005-06-28T10:35:00.000-07:00

City situated on the eastern coast of the Malay Peninsula, West Malaysia. It lies at the mouth of the Kuantan River, on the South China Sea. Situated on a wide alluvial plain north of the fertile Pahang River delta, Kuantan is Malaysia's most important east-coast port, shipping tin, rubber, and copra south to Singapore for export. Tin is extracted from the deep lode mine at

Elijah's Cup

2005-06-21T18:40:00.000-07:00

In Judaism, the fifth ceremonial cup of wine poured during the family Seder dinner on Passover (Pesah). It is left untouched in honour of Elijah, who, according to tradition, will arrive one day as an unknown guest to herald the advent of the Messiah. During the Seder dinner, biblical verses are read while the door is briefly opened to welcome Elijah, who, it is further said,

Managua, Lake

2005-06-16T22:15:00.000-07:00

Spanish Lago De Managua, lake in western Nicaragua, in a rift valley at an elevation of 128 feet (39 m) above sea level. The lake, 65 feet (20 m) in depth, is 36 miles (58 km) from east to west and 16 miles (25 km) from north to south; its area is 400 square miles (1,035 square km). Also known by its Indian name, Xolotlán, the lake is fed by numerous streams rising in the central highlands and the Diriamba Highlands. It is drained by the Tipitapa River,

Stilicho, Flavius

2005-06-13T17:05:00.000-07:00

Stilicho was half-Roman, half-Vandal by birth. Making the army his career, in 383 he served

Masaka

2005-06-02T00:10:00.000-07:00

Town, southern Uganda, situated about 80 miles (130 km) southwest of Kampala (the national capital), at an elevation of 4,300 feet (1,310 m). Roads connect it with Mbirizi, Lyantonde, and Mbarara. It is a market town and important commercial centre for the surrounding rich coffee-growing area. Its industries produce processed meat and fish, beverages, footwear, furniture, bakery products, glass,

Arabian Desert, Resources

2005-05-18T17:10:00.000-07:00

The greatest natural resource of the Arabian Desert is its underground water supply, which—as it remains virtually unreplenished because of low rainfall—in effect consists of Pleistocene-age waters that are now being tapped. Modern techniques have been used by the governments of Arab countries to develop water sources and to irrigate soils for farming. Desalinization

Mies Van Der Rohe, Ludwig

2005-05-16T22:10:00.000-07:00

In the 1960s Mies continued to create beautiful buildings, among them the Bacardi Building in Mexico City (1961); One Charles Center office building in Baltimore (1963); the Federal Center in Chicago (1964); the Public Library in Washington, D.C. (1967); and, most Miesian of all, the Gallery of the Twentieth Century (later called the New National Gallery) in Berlin, dedicated in 1968. A heavy man, badly plagued

Yamuna River

2005-05-14T19:50:00.000-07:00

The Yamuna then passes Delhi, where it feeds the Agra Canal. Near

Faenza

2005-03-15T14:15:00.000-08:00

Latin �Faventia, � city, Ravenna provincia, in the Emilia-Romagna regione of northern Italy, on the Lamone River, southeast of Bologna. In the 2nd century BC it was a Roman town (Faventia) on the Via Aemilia, but excavations show Faenza to have had a much earlier origin. It was later subject to many barbarian attacks, became an independent commune at the beginning of the 12th century, and withstood

Anatolian Religion

2005-03-14T14:29:00.000-08:00

Beliefs and practices of the ancient peoples and civilizations of Turkey and Armenia, including the Hittites, Hattians, Luwians, Hurrians, Assyrian colonists, Urartians, and Phrygians. For historical background, see Anatolia.

Epistemology, Immanuel Kant

2005-03-11T18:49:00.000-08:00

Idealism is often defined as the view that everything which exists is mental; that is, everything is either a mind or depends for its existence upon a mind, as do ideas and thinking. Immanuel Kant (1724 - 1804) was not strictly an idealist according to this definition, although he called himself a �transcendental idealist.� On his view, humans can know only what is presented to their

Ahenobarbus, Gnaeus Domitius

2005-03-07T21:08:00.000-08:00

With his father, Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, he had been a member of the party that in 49 made an unsuccessful attempt to prevent Caesar from seizing power. After the assassination of Caesar in 44 by a group led by Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius

Apple

2005-03-06T19:54:00.000-08:00

Fruit of the genus Malus (about 25 species) belonging to the family Rosaceae, the most widely cultivated tree fruit. The apple is one of the pome (fleshy) fruits, in which the ripened ovary and surrounding tissue both become fleshy and edible. The apple flower of most varieties requires cross-pollination for fertilization. Apples at harvest, though varying widely

Jewish Daily Forward

2005-03-05T09:43:00.000-08:00

The Forward was founded in 1897 by the Jewish Socialist Press Federation as a civic aid and a cohesive device for Jewish immigrants from Europe. It quickly became the leading Yiddish-language newspaper in the United States. Under the guidance of Abraham Cahan, who was

Rzesz�

2005-03-04T18:38:00.000-08:00

City, capital of Rzesz�w wojew�dztwo (province), southeastern Poland. It lies along the Wislok River at the juncture of the Carpathian Mountains and the Sandomierz Basin. The town lies on the main Krak�w-Lviv (Ukraine) road and rail line. The city's economy has expanded greatly since World War II, and some of Poland's largest metal-production plants are located there, as

Nathdwara

2005-03-03T10:32:00.000-08:00

Town, southern Rajasthan state, northwestern India, just south of the Banas River. Connected by road with Udaipur and close to the Malvi rail junction, Nathdwara is a place of Hindu pilgrimage; it contains a 17th-century Vaishnavite shrine that is one of the most famous in India. Within the temple is a celebrated image of the god Krishna, popularly said to date to the 12th century

Dionysius Of Alexandria, Saint

2005-03-02T20:51:00.000-08:00

A Christian convert, Dionysius studied in Alexandria at the catechetical school headed by Origen, whom in 231/232 he was elected to succeed. In 247/248 he became bishop of Alexandria. During the persecution (250 - 251) of Christians by the Roman emperor

Cherry, Donald Eugene

2005-03-01T14:43:00.000-08:00

U.S. jazz trumpeter (b. Nov. 18, 1936, Oklahoma City, Okla.--d. Oct. 19, 1995, M�laga, Spain), was a pioneer of free jazz as a member of the Ornette Coleman Quartet and later joined jazz with elements of African, Asian, Middle Eastern, and European music, thereby becoming a pioneer of world music as well. Cherry, who grew up in Los Angeles, hailed from a musical family. He had already achieved some local

Adams, John, Special topics

2005-02-28T04:43:00.000-08:00

Finally, seminal essays on Adams's personality and ideology can be found in several books that focus on larger themes during the Revolutionary era. These include Bernard Bailyn, Faces of Revolution: Personalities and Themes in the Struggle for American Independence (1990, reissued 1992); Edmund S. Morgan, The Meaning of Independence: John Adams, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson (1976, reissued 1978); and Gordon S. Wood, The Creation of the American Republic, 1776 - 1787 (1969, reissued 1998).

Campaign Furniture

2005-02-27T17:16:00.000-08:00

Case furniture was usually teak,

Stafford, Thomas P(atten)

2005-02-26T14:05:00.000-08:00

A graduate (1952) of the U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md., Stafford transferred to the Air Force

France, History Of, Opportunist control

2005-02-25T03:16:00.000-08:00

Between 1879 and 1899 the Opportunists, with only brief interruptions, controlled the machinery of government. Gambetta, their most dynamic leader, had begun his career as an outspoken Radical, but in time his political instincts had prevailed. The other Opportunist leaders - men such as President Gr�vy and Jules Ferry - disliked Gambetta's flamboyance, however, and feared

Han-t'eng-ko-li Peak

2005-02-24T15:50:00.000-08:00

Pinyin �Hantengri Feng, �also called �Khan Tengri,� peak in the Tien Shan (mountains) of Central Asia, on the boundary between Kazakstan and the Uighur Autonomous Region of Sinkiang, China. Situated in a heavily glaciated mountain knot, the mountain rises to 22,949 feet (6,995 m). Until Soviet explorers found that nearby Pik Pobeda (Victory Peak; 24,406 feet [7,439 m]) was higher, Han-t'eng-ko-li was thought to be the highest elevation of the Tien Shan. The

Bruce, Michael

2005-02-23T18:09:00.000-08:00

Bruce's parents gave him a good education, and he attended four winter sessions at the University of Edinburgh. In 1766 he wrote his last and finest poem, �Elegy Written in Spring.� His reputation

Olgas

2005-02-22T02:01:00.000-08:00

Aboriginal �Kata Tjuta�, also called �Olga Rocks � tors (isolated weathered rocks) in southwestern Northern Territory, Australia, comprising a circular grouping of some 36 red conglomerate domes rising from the desert plains north of the Musgrave Ranges. They occupy an area of 11 square miles (28 square km) within Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park (established in 1958 as the former Ayers Rock-Mount Olga National Park) and culminate

Mahendra

2005-02-21T15:54:00.000-08:00

When Asoka, a convert to Buddhism from Hinduism, sent Mahendra and Princess Sanghamittha as missionaries to Ceylon about 251 BC, they converted

Biblical Literature, Later and modern editions

2005-02-20T22:09:00.000-08:00

New Testament editions in the 18th century did not question the Textus Receptus (T.R.), despite new manuscript evidence and study, but its limitations became apparent. E. Wells, a British mathematician and theological writer (1719), was the first to edit a complete New Testament that abandoned the T.R. in favour of more ancient manuscripts; and English scholar Richard Bentley

Vieira Da Silva, Maria Elena

2005-02-19T22:26:00.000-08:00

Vieira da Silva studied sculpture first with Antoine Bourdelle at Paris in 1928 and later with Charles Despiau. Her interest in painting flowered under the tutelage of Fernand L�ger and Stanley William Hayter.

Affleck, Thomas

2005-02-18T20:31:00.000-08:00

Probably trained in England, Affleck settled in Philadelphia in 1763, producing tables, chairs, sofas, and case furniture for Governor John Penn and other leading Philadelphia

Vale Of Glamorgan

2005-02-17T07:40:00.000-08:00

County, southern Wales, extending along the Bristol Channel coast west of Cardiff and lying entirely within the historic county of Glamorgan (Morgannwg). It comprises an undulating coastal platform, with an average elevation of about 200 feet (60 metres), that often terminates abruptly in cliffs at the coast. Along other sections of the coast, however, there are sand

Gonz�lez, Manuel

2005-02-16T07:20:00.000-08:00

Born on a ranch in the state of Tamaulipas, Gonz�lez began his military career in 1847 and became a general during the civil war of 1858 - 60. He became president in 1880 at the virtual dictation of his political friend Porfirio D�az, who had preceded him as president. As head of state,

Interior Design, Final drawings and specifications

2005-02-15T02:54:00.000-08:00

The next stages of the design may consist of a series of drawings done by professional draftsmen or by the interior designer himself, if he works as an

Eugenikos, Markos

2005-02-14T22:02:00.000-08:00

After a classical and theological education under tutors antagonistic to Rome, Eugenikos at 26 gave his property to the poor and became a monk

Beja�

2005-02-13T17:04:00.000-08:00

Formerly �Bougie, � town, Mediterranean port, northeastern Algeria. The town lies at the mouth of the Wadi Soummam. Sheltered by Mount Gouraya (2,165 feet [660 m]) and Cape Carbon, it receives an annual average rainfall of 40 inches (1,000 mm) and is surrounded by a fertile plain. The older town, built on the mountain slope, descends to the French-built sector spread along the road to Algiers and containing the business

Orhan

2005-02-12T14:31:00.000-08:00

Under Orhan's leadership, the small Ottoman principality in northwestern Anatolia continued to attract Ghazis (warriors for the Islamic faith) from surrounding Turkish emirates fighting against Byzantium.

Crocodile Bird

2005-02-11T17:52:00.000-08:00

(Pluvianus aegyptius; see photograph), shorebird belonging to the family Glareolidae (order Charadriiformes). The crocodile bird is a plover-like courser that derives its name from its frequent association with the Nile crocodile, from whose hide it picks parasites for food. By their cries, the birds also serve to warn crocodiles of approaching

Pacific Ocean, Bottom deposits

2005-02-10T19:26:00.000-08:00

Apart from the narrow coastal zone of the eastern region and the broad continental seas of the western region, the Pacific is floored with pelagic (i.e., oceanic) material derived from the remains of marine plants and animals that once inhabited the waters lying above. Red or brown radiolarian ooze is found along the zone of the Pacific North Equatorial Current, east

Baptist, Growth outside the United States

2005-02-09T03:08:00.000-08:00

While Baptists have been troubled by divisive tendencies during the 20th century, there has also been a tendency toward greater unity and cohesiveness through the Baptist World Alliance. The 19th century was a period of great Baptist missionary activity. The endeavour in Asia was led by William Carey in India, Adoniram Judson in Burma, and Timothy Richard and Lottie

Performing Arts, Latin America.

2005-02-07T16:04:00.000-08:00

Generally

Augustan History

2005-02-06T14:10:00.000-08:00

The work is incomplete in its surviving form (it probably originally began with one of Hadrian's predecessors, Nerva or Trajan), and its original title is unknown. Its authorship and date of composition are also matters of argument.

Subatomic Particle

2005-02-05T03:25:00.000-08:00

Subatomic particles are, literally, particles that are smaller than atoms. The physical study of such particles

Earth, Expansion phase

2005-02-04T09:04:00.000-08:00

The expansion phase is less well understood than the growth phase. Many investigators support the �near-Earth neutral-line� model, but concurrently other explanations have been suggested. In the neutral-line model a localized x-type neutral line is formed inside the plasma sheet somewhere between 20 and 40 Re (earth radii) behind the Earth. Figure 13 (top) shows the topology

Kildare, Thomas Fitzgerald, 10th Earl Of

2005-02-03T09:49:00.000-08:00

When his father, the Irish lord deputy Gerald, 9th Earl of Kildare, was called to London in February 1534 to answer charges of

Bar-le-duc

2005-02-02T18:06:00.000-08:00

Capital of Meuse d�partement, Lorraine r�gion, northeastern France. It extends out along the narrow valley of the Ornain River, west of Nancy. To the northeast is the Canal de la Marne au Rhin, on the southwest the Canal des Usines. The Ornain River valley is enclosed by wooded and vine-clad hills. From the 10th century Bar was the seat of a countship, and later a duchy. The remains

Destouches, Andr� Cardinal

2005-02-01T21:57:00.000-08:00

Andr� Cardinal was the son of a wealthy Parisian merchant, Etienne Cardinal, Seigneur des Touches et de Guilleville, but he did not take any form of the patronym until 1694, after which he was known as Destouches. He was educated by the Jesuits and traveled with a priest

Insurance, Automobile insurance

2005-01-31T23:14:00.000-08:00

Nearly half of all property-liability insurance written in the United States is in the area of automobile insurance. Set up as a comprehensive contract in most parts of the world, automobile insurance covers liability, collision loss of the vehicle, all other types of loss (called comprehensive loss), and medical expenses incurred by the driver, passengers, and other

Rowan

2005-01-30T18:53:00.000-08:00

A deciduous tree, Sorbus aucuparia; it is also called the European mountain ash, or quickbeam. See mountain ash.

Eitner, Robert

2005-01-29T08:40:00.000-08:00

In 1868 Eitner founded the Gesellschaft

Mormon

2005-01-28T02:15:00.000-08:00

Mormon doctrine diverges from the orthodoxy of established Christianity, particularly in its polytheism, in affirming that God has evolved from man and that men might evolve into gods, that the Persons of the Trinity are distinct beings, and that human souls have preexisted. Mormons accept that Christ came to earth so that all might be saved and raised from the dead

Paradoxes Of Zeno

2005-01-27T13:03:00.000-08:00

Statements made by the Greek philosopher Zeno of Elea, a 5th-century-BC disciple of Parmenides, a fellow Eleatic, designed to show that any assertion opposite to the monistic teaching of Parmenides leads to contradiction and absurdity. Parmenides had argued from reason alone that the assertion that only Being is leads to the conclusions that Being (or all that there

Paulinus, Saint

2005-01-26T04:33:00.000-08:00

In 601 Paulinus was sent with St. Mellitus (later first bishop of London) and St. Justus (later first bishop of Rochester) to England by Pope St. Gregory I the Great to assist Archbishop

Rayon

2005-01-25T21:46:00.000-08:00

Any man-made textile fibre produced from the plant substance cellulose. Developed in an attempt to produce silk chemically, the fibre was originally known by such terms as artificial silk and wood silk, but in 1924 it was given the coined name rayon. An anitrocellulose type of rayon, first produced commercially in France in 1891 in the form of a nitrocellulose fibre, was later

Pacific Ocean, Central Pacific region

2005-01-24T20:21:00.000-08:00

The central Pacific region lies between the boundaries of the eastern and western regions. The largest and the most geologically stable of the structural provinces of the Earth's crust, it is characterized by expansive areas of low relief, lying at a general depth of about 15,000 feet below the surface.

East Dunbartonshire

2005-01-23T11:09:00.000-08:00

Council area, west-central Scotland. East Dunbartonshire's largest towns, Bearsden and Milngavie in the southwest and Kirkintilloch in the southeast, lie within the historic county of Dunbartonshire. The council area also includes a small area in the south around the town of Bishopbriggs in the historic county of Lanarkshire and a more extensive area in the northeast

Ammons, Gene

2005-01-22T14:35:00.000-08:00

The son of outstanding boogie-woogie pianist Albert Ammons, Gene Ammons grew up in Chicago and first became nationally known as a member of Billy Eckstine's innovative bebop big band during 1944 - 47; he also played in Woody Herman's

Phidias

2005-01-21T10:47:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Pheidias� Athenian sculptor, the artistic director of the construction of the Parthenon, who created its most important religious images and supervised and probably designed its overall sculptural decoration. It is said of Phidias that he alone had seen the exact image of the gods and that he revealed it to man. He established forever general conceptions of Zeus and

Serlio, Sebastiano

2005-01-20T20:47:00.000-08:00

Trained by his father as a painter, Serlio went to Rome in 1514, where he studied architecture under Baldassarre Peruzzi, one of the initiators of the Mannerist style of architecture. With the sack of Rome

Tocharian Languages

2005-01-19T10:42:00.000-08:00

Tocharian also spelled �Tokharian, � small group of extinct Indo-European languages that were spoken in the Tarim River Basin (in the centre of the modern Uighur Autonomous Region of Sinkiang, China) during the latter half of the 1st millennium AD. Documents from AD 500 - 700 attest to two: Tocharian A, from the area of Turfan in the east; and Tocharian B, chiefly from the region of Kucha in the west but also from the Turfan

Domenichino

2005-01-18T08:18:00.000-08:00

He was trained in the academy of Lodovico Carracci and in 1602 was in Rome, where he joined the Bolognese artists at work under the direction of Annibale Carracci in

Amalric I

2005-01-17T00:39:00.000-08:00

Amalric, the son of King Fulk of Jerusalem, had been count of Jaffa and Ascalon before succeeding his elder brother Baldwin III on the throne in 1163. He was forced first to annul his marriage to Agnes of Courtenay because she was his third

Ambo

2005-01-16T06:35:00.000-08:00

In the Christian liturgy, a raised stand formerly used for reading the Gospel or the Epistle, first used in early basilicas. Originally, the ambo took the form of a portable lectern. By the 6th century it had evolved into a stationary church furnishing, which reflected the development and codification of the Christian liturgy. By the Byzantine and early Romanesque

Kafr Ash-shaykh

2005-01-15T17:22:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Kafr El-sheikh, � town, capital of Kafr ash-Shaykh muhafazah (governorate) of the central Nile Delta, Lower Egypt, bordering the Mediterranean. The town is situated in a fertile plain about 25 miles (40 km) north-northwest of Tanta. Industries in the town include cotton-processing plants and factories producing cigarettes, rice strawboard, rice chaff oil, and chemical products. A former royal palace

Straparola, Gianfrancesco

2005-01-14T09:27:00.000-08:00

Straparola's Piacevoli notti (1550 - 53; The Nights of Straparola) contains 75 novellas (short prose tales) that were later used as source material by William Shakespeare, Moli�re, and others; it introduced into European literature 20 folktales, among

Lenormand, Henri-ren�

2005-01-13T03:47:00.000-08:00

The son of a composer, Lenormand was educated at the University of Paris and spent much of his adult life writing for the Parisian stage. He was the author of a number of somewhat gloomy plays that explore

K.t.

2005-01-12T16:17:00.000-08:00

Knight of the Thistle, member of a Scottish order of knighthood. See Thistle, The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the.

Beira

2005-01-11T03:18:00.000-08:00

Former principality and historical province, north-central Portugal, extending from the banks of the Douro River in the north to the upper course of the Tagus in the southeast and from the Spanish frontier in the east to the Atlantic Ocean in the west. The region was reconquered from the Moors in the 8th century, but Moorish attacks continued until the 15th. It was also

Great Neck

2005-01-10T03:19:00.000-08:00

Village, in the town (township) of North Hempstead, Nassau county, New York, U.S. It lies along the Great Neck cape and the north shore of Long Island in an area of summer estates. Settled about 1644, it is known as the �Old Village� and was incorporated in 1922. The writer F. Scott Fitzgerald once lived in Great Neck and used it and neighbouring towns as the setting for his novel The Great

Philaret

2005-01-09T20:03:00.000-08:00

Upon his graduation from the Trinity Monastery, near Moscow, in 1803, Philaret was appointed as a teacher there and,

Nephelinesyenite

2005-01-08T07:54:00.000-08:00

Medium- to coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock, a member of the alkali-syenite group (see syenite) that consists largely of feldspar and nepheline. It is always considerably poorer in silica and richer in alkalies than granite. The extraordinarily varied mineralogy of the nephelinesyenites and their remarkable variation in habit, fabric, appearance, and composition

Schnitger, Arp

2005-01-06T11:42:00.000-08:00

Schnitger was born into a family of woodworkers; his father was a carver, and Arp was apprenticed to a cousin at age 18. Three years after his cousin's

Novokuybyshevsk

2005-01-05T15:53:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Novokujby

Trail

2005-01-04T19:59:00.000-08:00

The modern city's economy rests on the mining and smelting of metals (especially silver, zinc, and lead) and on the production of chemicals and fertilizers,

Minch, The

2005-01-03T01:04:00.000-08:00

Also called �North Minch, � Atlantic sea channel between the Outer Hebrides island group on the west and the mainland of Scotland on the east. The channel varies in width between 25 and 45 miles (40 and 70 km) and has both great depth and a rapid current. The Little Minch, its southerly extension, lies between the island groups of the Outer and Inner Hebrides, separating the islands of Harris and North Uist

Lowden, Frank Orren

2005-01-02T18:52:00.000-08:00

Lowden attended law school in Chicago and within a few years of graduating had become a prominent and prosperous corporate attorney. Throughout his legal and political career, he remained

Aquino, Benigno Simeon, Jr.

2005-01-01T02:11:00.000-08:00

The grandson of a Philippine general and the son of a well-known politician and landowner,

Alessandria

2004-12-31T07:34:00.000-08:00

City, capital of Alessandria provincia, in the Piemonte (Piedmont) regione of northwestern Italy. The city lies at the confluence of the Bormida and Tanaro rivers, southeast of Turin (Torino). It was founded in 1168 by the towns of the Lombard League as an Alpine-valley stronghold against the Holy Roman emperor Frederick I Barbarossa. The town was first called Civitas Nova,

Amherst

2004-12-30T13:43:00.000-08:00

Town (township), Hampshire county, west-central Massachusetts, U.S. It lies in the Connecticut River valley just northeast of Northampton. It includes the communities of North Amherst, Amherst, and South Amherst. The town of Hadley adjoins it on the west. Settled as part of Hadley in the 1730s, Amherst was recognized in 1759 as a separate district and named for Jeffrey (later Baron)

�vre Anar River National Park

2004-12-28T06:21:00.000-08:00

Norwegian ��vre Anarj�kka Nasjonalpark, � national park in the southeastern Finnmark Plateau region, northern Norway, bordering the Lemmen River National Park of Finland. One of the largest of Norway's national parks, it covers an area of 537 square miles (1,390 square km). Low hills covered by birch and pine forest and dotted by bogs and lakes are characteristic of the area, in which large numbers of reindeer graze.

Cypress Vine

2004-12-27T11:09:00.000-08:00

(Ipomoea quamoclit), tropical American twining climber naturalized in southern North America. It has star-shaped scarlet, pink, or white blooms amid deep green, deeply lobed leaves. It is a member of the morning glory family (Convolvulaceae) and is an annual. The closely related star ipomoea (I. coccinea), with crimson flowers and heart-shaped leaves,

Aschelminth, Associations

2004-12-26T08:15:00.000-08:00

Bacteria form mutually beneficial associations (symbiosis) with nematodes. The insect-pathogenic nematodes Steinernema and Heterorhabditis carry different species of Xenorhabdus in their intestines, which their soil-living infective juveniles inject into any insect they can invade. Bacterial toxins kill the insect, and the nematodes then multiply for

Biblical Literature, The physical aspects of New Testament texts

2004-12-25T13:12:00.000-08:00

To establish the reliability of the text of ancient manuscripts in order to reach the text that the author originally wrote (or, rather, dictated) involves the physical aspects of the texts: collection, collation of differences or variant readings in manuscripts, and comparison in matters of dating, geographical origins, and the amount of editing or revision noted,

Amorbach

2004-12-24T14:18:00.000-08:00

City, Bavaria Land (state), southwestern Germany, in the Odenwald (wooded upland), southwest of W�rzburg. It originated around a Benedictine monastery in the 8th century and came under the jurisdiction of the electors of Mainz in 1272. Amorbach became the residence of the princes of Leiningen in 1803 and passed to Bavaria in 1816. The modern city is a health resort and has woodworking

Biblical Literature, Background and beginnings

2004-12-23T11:48:00.000-08:00

The geographical theatre of the Old Testament is the ancient Near East, particularly the Fertile Crescent region, running from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers up to Syria and down through Palestine to the Nile Delta. In this area great civilizations and empires developed and seminomadic ethnic groups, such as the Hebrews, were involved in the mixture of peoples

Andover

2004-12-22T15:21:00.000-08:00

Andover's earliest-known

Alakol, Lake

2004-12-21T07:25:00.000-08:00

Kazak �Alak�l�, Russian �Ozero Alakol�, also called �Ozero Ala-Kul� salt lake in Kazakstan, 110 miles (180 km) east of Lake Balqash, near the border with the Uighur Autonomous Region of Sinkiang, China. Lake Alakol has a drainage basin of about 26,500 square miles (68,700 square km), an area of 1,025 square miles, reaches a depth of about 148 feet (45 m), and receives the Urdzhar River (north).

Sorby, Henry Clifton

2004-12-20T04:26:00.000-08:00

Sorby's early investigations were concerned with agricultural chemistry, but his interests soon turned to geology. He published works dealing with the physical geography

Caucasian Languages, Vocabulary

2004-12-19T23:02:00.000-08:00

The genetic closeness of the Kartvelian languages is evidenced by a large number of structural correspondences and of common lexical (vocabulary) and grammatical items. Though the Kartvelian languages abound in ancient loanwords from Iranian, Greek, Arabic, Turkish, and other languages, it is nevertheless possible to single out the basic vocabulary and grammatical

Roman Catholicism, History Of, The reign of Leo XIII (1878 - 1903)

2004-12-18T06:08:00.000-08:00

Although Leo XIII was no less conservative in his theological inclinations than his predecessor, his positive appreciation of the church's opportunities in modern society gave his pontificate a significantly different cast from that of Pius. On issues of church doctrine and discipline his administration was a strict one. It was during his reign that the Modernist

Rush, Richard

2004-12-17T16:32:00.000-08:00

The son of the noted physician Benjamin Rush, Richard graduated from Princeton in 1797 and was admitted to the bar in Philadelphia in 1800. He served as attorney general of Pennsylvania (1811), attorney

Lower Saxony

2004-12-16T13:40:00.000-08:00

German �Niedersachsen, � constituent Land (state) of Germany. The second largest Land in size, it occupies an important band of territory across the northwestern part of the nation. Lower Saxony stretches from The Netherlands border in the west to the border of Mecklenburg - West Pomerania and Saxony-Anhalt L�nder in the east. The neck of land occupied by Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, and, farther

Perc�

2004-12-15T02:53:00.000-08:00

City, Gasp�sie - �les-de-la-Madeleine region, eastern Quebec province, Canada. It lies along the Gulf of St. Lawrence, at the east end of the Gasp� Peninsula. First visited in 1534 by Jacques Cartier, it has been the site of a Roman Catholic mission since 1670. Perc� is now a fishing port and summer resort. Offshore, but connected by a sandbar at low tide, is famed Rocher-Perc� (�Pierced

Graziani, Rodolfo, Marquess Di Neghelli

2004-12-14T00:17:00.000-08:00

After service in Eritrea and Libya before World War I and in Macedonia and Tripolitania subsequently, Graziani became commander in chief of Italian forces in Libya (1930 - 34), governor of Italian Somaliland (1935 - 36), viceroy of Ethiopia (1936 - 37), and honorary governor of Italian East Africa

Duala

2004-12-13T13:22:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Douala, � Bantu-speaking people of the forest region of southern Cameroon living on the estuary of the Wouri River. By 1800 the Duala controlled Cameroon's trade with Europeans, and their concentrated settlement pattern developed under this influence. Their system of chieftaincy was partly founded on trading wealth. For much of the 19th century there were two political - commercial